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Add a Trigger → Scheduled and choose who you want to execute this rule in Run as

Add Selector → JQL Selector

JQL Query

Use the following Expression:

duedate <= now()

Next to JQL Selector click on Add → Action → Transition Issue

After importing the JSON file, make sure to check the configuration of the rule. Non-existing configuration elements (issue types, fields, values etc.) will be highlighted.

{
    "name": "Schedule the escalation of overdue issues",
    "description": "",
    "creator": "admin",
    "status": false,
    "triggerData": "",
    "triggerType": "SCHEDULED",
    "configuration": {
        "refs": [
            "issue",
            "system",
            "trigger.issue",
            "trigger.parent"
        ],
        "runAs": "admin",
        "scheduledTriggerCron.dailyWeeklyMonthly": "daily",
        "scheduledTriggerCron.daysOfMonthOpt": "dayOfMonth",
        "scheduledTriggerCron.monthDay": "1",
        "scheduledTriggerCron.week": "1",
        "scheduledTriggerCron.day": "1",
        "scheduledTriggerCron.interval": "0",
        "scheduledTriggerCron.runOnceHours": "1",
        "scheduledTriggerCron.runOnceMins": "0",
        "scheduledTriggerCron.runOnceMeridian": "am",
        "scheduledTriggerCron.runFromHours": "1",
        "scheduledTriggerCron.runFromMeridian": "am",
        "scheduledTriggerCron.runToHours": "1",
        "scheduledTriggerCron.runToMeridian": "am",
        "triggerType": ""
    },
    "children": [
        {
            "sequence": 0,
            "type": "JQL_SELECTOR",
            "ruleEntityType": "SELECTOR",
            "configuration": {
                "refs": [
                    "system"
                ],
                "jql": "duedate <= startOfDay()",
                "jqlParsingMode": "jql",
                "actingUser": "field_00020"
            },
            "children": [
                {
                    "sequence": 0,
                    "type": "TRANSITION_ISSUE",
                    "ruleEntityType": "ACTION",
                    "configuration": {
                        "refs": [
                            "issue",
                            "issues",
                            "selector.issue",
                            "selector.parent",
                            "system"
                        ],
                        "option": "status",
                        "status": "10513",
                        "actingUser": "field_00020"
                    },
                    "children": null,
                    "hasChildren": false
                }
            ],
            "hasChildren": true
        }
    ],
    "hasChildren": true
}